Aras Part Medical International Press International Journal of Medical Parasitology and Epidemiology Sciences 2766-6492 7 2 2026 06 29 Association of IL-28B (rs12979860) Gene Polymorphism and Serum IL-28B Levels with Chronic Hepatitis B Infection 77 83 10.34172/ijmpes.6247 EN Hussain Naeim Mohammed https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2130-5405 Alaa Ali Matrood https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3535-3225 Journal Article 10.34172/ijmpes.6247 2026 03 12 2026 05 19 Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major public health issue. The progression is contingent on various factors, including immunogenetic elements. This study aimed to examine the association between interleukin 28B gene (IL28B) diversity and the advancement of this infection. Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 64 individuals with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Infection, 39 in the HBV group and 31controls. The analysis of IL28B the Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR was used to test for promoter polymorphisms. SNPs (rs12979860) of IL28B. IL28B for every patient with a persistent HBV infection, levels were determined using an internal ELISA, or Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay HBV clearance and control groups. Results: Three genotypes were found using allele polymorphism analysis: CC (48.5%), CT (35.9%), and TT (15.6%) in HBV patients. The The only genotype that was significantly more prevalent in control group was CC (OR=0.38; CI95% [0.16-0.95]; P=0.04). In contrast with patients with HBV, the IL28B level was significantly higher in the control group (14.5±4.6 vs. 12.6±9.2, 7.5±2.2 ng/L: P=0.001). Significantly elevated IL28B levels were also associated with a lower HBV viral load (P=0.001). Conclusion: These results suggest that the CC genotype has a potential protective role against HBV infection, while the TT genotype may be associated with higher vulnerability.