Review on the Antimicrobial Resistance and its Effects on Public Health

Abstract

Any edible part of an animal product that contains the parent chemicals, their metabolites, and related contaminants of veterinary medications is said to have antimicrobial resistance (AMR). If humans consume a concentration level higher than the standard residual limits, there may be serious effects. Foods derived from animals that have received veterinary medicine are said to include residues of veterinary medicines, which are described as pharmacologically active compounds, principles, or breakdown products and their metabolites. Antibiotic overdose, incorrect drug administration routes, and withdrawal period violations are the most frequent reasons why food derived from animals may include antibiotic residues. If antibiotics are used as “insurance” against disease-related livestock losses, antibiotic use and the presence of antibiotic residues in food products can be hard to control. These kinds of situations are common in many poor countries, where the need for antibiotics rises due to the incidence of infectious diseases. Products made from animals that have these residues in them may cause hypersensitivity reactions, bone marrow depression, cancer, mutagenicity, teratogenicity, and disturbance of normal gut flora. They may also cause increased resistance to antibiotic treatments. Strict observance of AMR limits and withdrawal periods is necessary to guarantee that animal products are safe for human consumption. Therefore, to supervise the use of antimicrobial drugs in the fight against illness, a single regulatory framework is required. The prevalence and effects of drug resistance and antibiotic use on public health are discussed in this review article.

Keywords: Antimicrobials, Antibiotic drugs, Antimicrobial resistance